Chilika Lake, located along the eastern coast of India, is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the world and a UNESCO Ramsar Wetland of International Importance. Situated in the state of Odisha, Chilika is a treasure trove of biodiversity and a haven for bird watchers, nature lovers, and adventure seekers. Spanning over 1,100 square kilometers, this brackish water lagoon is a key ecological hotspot, attracting thousands of migratory birds every year, as well as serving as an important fishery hub.

Ecological Significance
Chilika Lake is a vital ecosystem that supports a diverse range of flora and fauna, both aquatic and terrestrial. It is home to over 200 species of birds, including both resident and migratory species. The lake’s unique environment is characterized by a mix of saltwater and freshwater, creating the ideal habitat for a variety of aquatic species. In addition to birds, Chilika supports several species of fish, crabs, and mollusks, making it a crucial source of livelihood for local fishing communities.

The lake also harbors several islands, each with its own distinct ecosystem and historical significance. Some of these islands are popular tourist destinations, while others are protected areas for conservation.

Biodiversity and Bird Watching
Chilika Lake is an internationally recognized bird sanctuary. During the winter months, it becomes a major stopover for migratory birds along the East Asia-Australasia Flyway. From November to February, birds from countries like Siberia, Iran, and central Asia migrate to Chilika to escape the cold weather. Some of the most notable species spotted here include:

• Greater Flamingo
• Black-tailed Godwit
• Osprey
• Pelicans
• Ducks and Shorebirds

The lake’s islands, like Nalabana Island, are dedicated bird sanctuaries and offer prime bird-watching opportunities. Nalabana is home to a large number of migratory birds and is a designated protected area for wildlife conservation.

Tourism and Attractions
Chilika Lake is a major tourist destination in Odisha, drawing both nature enthusiasts and cultural tourists. Some of the main attractions around the lake include:

• Satapada: Located at the mouth of Chilika Lake, Satapada is famous for its population of Irrawaddy dolphins. Visitors can take boat rides to spot these rare dolphins and enjoy the scenic beauty of the lake. Satapada is also known for its charming views and tranquil atmosphere, making it a perfect destination for relaxation.

• Kalijai Island: Situated in the middle of Chilika Lake, Kalijai Island is home to a famous temple dedicated to Goddess Kalijai. The island’s serene environment and scenic views make it a popular spot for boat rides and picnics.

• Mangalajodi: Known for its bird sanctuary, Mangalajodi is one of the best places in Chilika Lake for birdwatching. This area is home to a vast variety of waterfowl, and eco-tourism initiatives have helped in the conservation of the region’s biodiversity.

• Bird Island (Nalabana Island): This island, situated within the lake, serves as a sanctuary for migratory birds. Its large flocks of birds make it a popular destination for ornithologists and nature lovers.

Fishing and Sustainable Livelihood
Chilika Lake has been a key source of livelihood for the local fishing communities for centuries. The lake’s rich biodiversity supports a thriving fishing industry, and fish like prawn, crab, and different varieties of fish are caught here, contributing to the economy of the surrounding areas. Efforts have been made to promote sustainable fishing practices in order to preserve the ecological balance of the lake while supporting local livelihoods.

Flora and Fauna
Apart from the numerous bird species, Chilika Lake also supports a wide variety of aquatic life, including over 100 species of fish. The lake’s waters are also home to several species of aquatic plants, including seaweeds, algae, and the floating aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth). Additionally, the surrounding wetlands are filled with mangrove forests, which play a critical role in maintaining the health of the ecosystem.

Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Chilika Lake is between November and February when the migratory birds flock to the lake, creating a spectacular sight for birdwatchers. The weather is pleasant during this time, making it ideal for boat rides and exploring the region’s natural beauty.

How to Reach
Chilika Lake is well connected to nearby cities, making it accessible for tourists. The nearest major city is Bhubaneswar, approximately 50 km away, which has a well-connected airport (Biju Patnaik International Airport) and railway station. From Bhubaneswar, visitors can travel by taxi or bus to reach Chilika Lake. The towns of Satapada, Mangalajodi, and Balugaon are popular entry points to the lake.